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These are a few of the questions you can explore in PAX ROMANA Second Edition, designed for play by all levels of gamers, from the competition-oriented, one sitting players to the Let's Recreate History on a grand scale afficionados.

PAX ROMANA covers the Europe from 300 BC through the end of the 1st century BC, when control of the Mediterranean was in a state of flux with four empires possible. And it does so with a scale and system that is filled with decision-making tension but also highly accessible and easy to play. The emphasis is on strategic operations, from raising armies to colonizing outlying areas, to fighting barbarian incursions, to maintaining political stability at home.

PAX uses a unique marker-oriented play sequence that provides surprise and opportunity, plus a deck of unusual cards that provide the historical background of events and calamities within which the players must operate.

Each turn represents 25 years, with the movement of forces and the shifting of power occurring at a proportionately very large scale. Combat takes place throughout the game, but they, too, represent ongoing conflict as much as individual battles. But even here, subtleties are built-in: force composition matters – armies overbalanced by cheap light infantry suffer penalties, while cavalry can single-handedly make the difference between winning and losing – and knowing when and where to make a stand and when to withdraw to safer places can literally decide the fate of a power for an entire generation.

And at this scale, of course, the best-laid plans frequently go awry. In one game, Rome was all ready to sail for Sicily when suddenly an army of Gallic barbarians appeared with the play of a card and swept across northern Italy and down towards Rome. In another, the two leaders for The East (representing the Seleucids and the Ptolemies) joined together for a knock-out blow against the Greeks in Asia Minor, when the play of a different card had the leaders turning on each other, destroying over half their forces, and putting The East on the defensive for the remainder of the turn. In still another, the Greek player drew a card that he was forced to play on himself, causing civil war in his homeland and giving his enemies not only a breather, but a surprisingly easy advance.

Most important for gamers, though, is the wide variety of scenarios PAX provides, from fast-playing, one-sitting two-player games to vivid recreations of the entire era with four players. The game works well with 2, 3 or 4 players, and is designed to be playable solitaire for those interested in the historical view it provides. Scenarios range from The Punic Wars, through the Eastern Med conflicts between the Greeks and the Seleucids, all the way up to the entire 10 turn game, covering 300 years of history. In addition, there are two versions of PAX: the Standard Game, designed for fast play, and the Advanced version, which adds in much tangential history and allows for a more introspective examination of the era.

Since the game's release, all four powers have seen victory in the full games, and while games among new players tend to favor Carthage and the East, Rome and Greece have won more than their share of games among experienced players. Also since the game's release, a strong play-by-email community has developed for Pax, with numerous games using the excellent Cyberboard and Vassal modules going on at any given time.

The Second Edition of Pax Romana both updates and upgrades the game. The map is now a fully MOUNTED map (as in Twilight Struggle Deluxe, Labyrinth, etc). Any errata from the original game has been corrected and included, with the Rulebook, Playbook, and Charts and Tables having undergone a thorough edit and revision to produce their second Living Rules versions. The counters and scenarios that appeared in C3i magazine #19 are part of the package as well, along with one additional new 3-player, and a separate sheet of round money markers have replaced the square markers used for Talents in the original. Finally, the cards will be given new artwork to give them more visual appeal.

The single most frequent request from players has been the addition of player "mats". Pax Second Edition has four of these, one for each power. On these mats, players keep their Treasury and their large army stacks, track their Civilization Points, Geographical Objective Points, and Income level.

COMPONENTS: Note: All 2nd Edition components have been fully updated to reflect any needed changes, corrections, or additions, as suggested by the game's many players.

* COUNTERS Three 1/2 inch & one 5/8 inch Counter Sheets (2nd Edition adds one countersheet of round money markers for "Talents")
* CARDS 55 Event Cards (with an upgraded look in the 2nd Edition)
* MAPS One 22"x34" MOUNTED Map
* OTHER
* 2 Player Aid Cards (11"x17")
* 4 Player Mats, 8.5" x 11" each (new to Second Edition)
* Rule Book (Second Living Rules version)
* Play Book (Second Living Rules version)
* 2 three-player scenarios from C3i magazine
* 1 additional new three-player scenario
* 2 6-sided dice

DESIGNER Richard Berg
DEVELOPER Neil Randall
ART DIRECTOR Rodger B. MacGowan
MAP ART Knut Grunitz
COUNTERS Mark Simonitch, Mike Lemick, & Rodger B. MacGowan
PRODUCERS Gene Billingsley & Tony Curtis & Andy Lewis & Rodger B. MacGowan & Mark Simonitch

Designed by Richard Berg and Developed by Neil Randall.